{"id":874,"date":"2020-10-16T10:06:31","date_gmt":"2020-10-16T10:06:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/?page_id=874"},"modified":"2020-11-19T14:04:39","modified_gmt":"2020-11-19T14:04:39","slug":"home","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/","title":{"rendered":"Home"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"874\" class=\"elementor elementor-874\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ec83041 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ec83041\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f2b7910\" data-id=\"f2b7910\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63550de elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"63550de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f70776d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f70776d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b61b14c\" data-id=\"b61b14c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a2cfff elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4a2cfff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"236\" height=\"299\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-16-at-2.07.10-PM.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-929\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56ac2a1 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"56ac2a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sanitation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3332dd3 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3332dd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Myths &amp; Truths<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbf74d0 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cbf74d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>What is sanitation? In short, the ability to safely dispose of human waste and maintain hygienic conditions through proper wastewater treatment and waste management. That may seem straightforward, but there\u2019s more to it than you might think.<\/p><p><strong>Take this quiz to test your knowledge.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8de5b80 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8de5b80\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-fabfbe4 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone\" data-id=\"fabfbe4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-80c0b27\" data-id=\"80c0b27\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b37516c elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"b37516c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><style>\n.qy-o-quiz-container .qy-o-question-title { font-size: 22px; }\n<\/style><div class=\"qy-o-quiz-container\" data-last-question=\"10\" data-weighted=\"0\" data-explanations-enabled=\"1\" data-title=\"Sanitation Myths and Truths: A Quiz\" data-fb-app=\"\" data-id=\"844\" data-user-type=\"guest\" data-user-id=\"\" data-newsletter-enabled=\"0\" data-autoscroll=\"1\"><p><\/p><div class=\"qy-o-description\"><\/div><div id=\"qy-o-question-1\" class=\"qy-o-question\" data-question-number=\"1\"><h2 class=\"qy-o-question-title\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222\">(1) More than a quarter of people in the world lack access to basic sanitation services. True or false?<\/h2><figure class=\"qy-o-quiz-image qy-o-question-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1317\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-crowd-scaled.jpg\" class=\"question-thumbnail\" alt=\"crowd\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-crowd-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-crowd-300x154.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-crowd-1024x527.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-crowd-768x395.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-crowd-1536x790.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-crowd-2048x1053.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure><ol class=\"qy-o-answers-list\"><li class=\"qy-o-answer\" data-answer-number=\"1\" data-w=\"1\"><a class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-answer-btn qy-o-answer-imageless\"><p class=\"qy-o-answer-caption\">True<\/p><\/a><\/li><li class=\"qy-o-answer\" data-answer-number=\"2\" data-w=\"0\"><a class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-answer-btn qy-o-answer-imageless\"><p class=\"qy-o-answer-caption\">False<\/p><\/a><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"qy-o-question-explanation\"><div class=\"qy-o-question-explanation-inside\"><h3 class=\"qy-o-explanation-title\"><\/h3><p class=\"qy-o-correct-answer\"><\/p><p class=\"qy-o-explanation-text\"><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">In 2017, an estimated\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/washdata.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/reports\/2019-07\/jmp-2019-wash-households.pdf\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">2 billion people<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0did not have access to basic sanitation services, out of 7.5 billion people then on the planet. That included nearly 750 million people in Africa, or about 69 per cent of the continent\u2019s population.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">If people lack access to adequate toilet facilities and associated infrastructure, they often must use pit latrines or defecate outdoors, which can\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4500995\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">contaminate<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0water, soil, and food resources and lead to a host of human health problems.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"qy-o-question-2\" class=\"qy-o-question\" data-question-number=\"2\"><h2 class=\"qy-o-question-title\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222\">(2) Access to clean water and sanitation is a human right. True or false?<\/h2><figure class=\"qy-o-quiz-image qy-o-question-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1696\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-girl-drinking-scaled.jpg\" class=\"question-thumbnail\" alt=\"girl drinking water\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-girl-drinking-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-girl-drinking-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-girl-drinking-1024x678.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-girl-drinking-768x509.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-girl-drinking-1536x1018.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-girl-drinking-2048x1357.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure><ol class=\"qy-o-answers-list\"><li class=\"qy-o-answer\" data-answer-number=\"1\" data-w=\"1\"><a class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-answer-btn qy-o-answer-imageless\"><p class=\"qy-o-answer-caption\">True<\/p><\/a><\/li><li class=\"qy-o-answer\" data-answer-number=\"2\" data-w=\"0\"><a class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-answer-btn qy-o-answer-imageless\"><p class=\"qy-o-answer-caption\">False<\/p><\/a><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"qy-o-question-explanation\"><div class=\"qy-o-question-explanation-inside\"><h3 class=\"qy-o-explanation-title\"><\/h3><p class=\"qy-o-correct-answer\"><\/p><p class=\"qy-o-explanation-text\"><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">The United Nations adopted\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/digitallibrary.un.org\/record\/687002?ln=en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">a resolution<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0in 2010 recognizing \u201cthe right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right that is essential for the full enjoyment of life and all human rights\u201d. The resolution called for global action to bring proper sanitation and clean drinking water to all people, particularly those in developing countries.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/water-and-sanitation\/\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">UN Sustainable Development Goal 6<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0calls for ensuring clean water and sanitation for all. Target 2 under the goal states, \u201cBy 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">While proper sanitation reduces the spread of disease and enables economic development, it is also about human dignity.<\/span><\/p><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"qy-o-question-3\" class=\"qy-o-question\" data-question-number=\"3\"><h2 class=\"qy-o-question-title\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222\">(3) Half of humanity does not have basic hand-washing facilities at home. True or false?<\/h2><figure class=\"qy-o-quiz-image qy-o-question-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-handwashing-scaled.jpg\" class=\"question-thumbnail\" alt=\"handwashing\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-handwashing-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-handwashing-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-handwashing-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-handwashing-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-handwashing-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-handwashing-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure><ol class=\"qy-o-answers-list\"><li class=\"qy-o-answer\" data-answer-number=\"1\" data-w=\"0\"><a class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-answer-btn qy-o-answer-imageless\"><p class=\"qy-o-answer-caption\">True<\/p><\/a><\/li><li class=\"qy-o-answer\" data-answer-number=\"2\" data-w=\"1\"><a class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-answer-btn qy-o-answer-imageless\"><p class=\"qy-o-answer-caption\">False<\/p><\/a><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"qy-o-question-explanation\"><div class=\"qy-o-question-explanation-inside\"><h3 class=\"qy-o-explanation-title\"><\/h3><p class=\"qy-o-correct-answer\"><\/p><p class=\"qy-o-explanation-text\"><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">About\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unwater.org\/water-facts\/handhygiene\/\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">40 per cent<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0of people around the world lack such facilities \u2013 not half, but still far too high. Roughly\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/detail\/18-06-2019-1-in-3-people-globally-do-not-have-access-to-safe-drinking-water-unicef-who\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">two out of every five<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0people on Earth, 3 billion total, cannot properly wash their hands in their own homes. About <a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unwater.org\/water-facts\/handhygiene\/\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">1.6 billion<\/span><\/a> of them have only limited handwashing facilities that lack soap or water, while another 1.4 billion have no handwashing facilities at all.<\/span><\/p><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"qy-o-question-4\" class=\"qy-o-question\" data-question-number=\"4\"><h2 class=\"qy-o-question-title\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222\">(4) Sanitation is a major economic issue. True or false?<\/h2><figure class=\"qy-o-quiz-image qy-o-question-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1702\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-moola-scaled.jpg\" class=\"question-thumbnail\" alt=\"money\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-moola-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-moola-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-moola-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-moola-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-moola-1536x1021.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-moola-2048x1362.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure><ol class=\"qy-o-answers-list\"><li class=\"qy-o-answer\" data-answer-number=\"1\" data-w=\"1\"><a class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-answer-btn qy-o-answer-imageless\"><p class=\"qy-o-answer-caption\">True<\/p><\/a><\/li><li class=\"qy-o-answer\" data-answer-number=\"2\" data-w=\"0\"><a class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-answer-btn qy-o-answer-imageless\"><p class=\"qy-o-answer-caption\">False<\/p><\/a><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"qy-o-question-explanation\"><div class=\"qy-o-question-explanation-inside\"><h3 class=\"qy-o-explanation-title\"><\/h3><p class=\"qy-o-correct-answer\"><\/p><p class=\"qy-o-explanation-text\"><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">Scientists and governments often focus on sanitation as a health issue, but proper sanitation also provides <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/economy\/2019\/11\/19\/toilets-the-economic-impact-of-sanitation\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">significant economic benefits<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\"> to individuals and communities. <\/span><i><\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">Proper sanitation facilities can improve public health and reduce health-care costs. When people fall ill less often, they can devote more time to school and work and can earn higher incomes. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">According to a 2012 <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsp.org\/content\/africa-economic-impacts-sanitation\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">World Bank report<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">, 18 African countries together <span lang=\"EN-US\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsp.org\/FeaturesEvents\/Features\/inadequate-sanitation-costs-18-african-countries-around-us55-billion-each-ye\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">lost an estimated $5.5 billion a year<\/span><\/a> because of inadequate sanitation. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">Research has shown that every $1 spent on sanitation generates <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theigc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/WASH-policy-brief_updated2020.pdf\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">between $5 and $9 in economic benefits<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"qy-o-question-5\" class=\"qy-o-question\" data-question-number=\"5\"><h2 class=\"qy-o-question-title\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222\">(5) Waterborne diseases such as cholera and typhoid no longer exist. True or false?<\/h2><figure class=\"qy-o-quiz-image qy-o-question-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-bug-scaled.jpg\" class=\"question-thumbnail\" alt=\"cholerae bacteria\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-bug-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-bug-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-bug-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-bug-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-bug-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-bug-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure><ol class=\"qy-o-answers-list\"><li class=\"qy-o-answer\" data-answer-number=\"1\" data-w=\"0\"><a class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-answer-btn qy-o-answer-imageless\"><p class=\"qy-o-answer-caption\">True<\/p><\/a><\/li><li class=\"qy-o-answer\" data-answer-number=\"2\" data-w=\"1\"><a class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-answer-btn qy-o-answer-imageless\"><p class=\"qy-o-answer-caption\">False<\/p><\/a><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"qy-o-question-explanation\"><div class=\"qy-o-question-explanation-inside\"><h3 class=\"qy-o-explanation-title\"><\/h3><p class=\"qy-o-correct-answer\"><\/p><p class=\"qy-o-explanation-text\"><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">During the 1800s, diarrheal diseases such as cholera, typhoid, and dysentery killed millions of people around the world. Since we no longer hear much about these diseases, one might mistakenly assume they were defeated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">In reality, these diseases continue to take lives throughout the developing world. Each year, there are an estimated\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthywater\/pdf\/global\/GlblWASHBrf_UPDATE_H.pdf\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">3 million cases<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0of cholera, resulting in 95,000 deaths, and\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthywater\/pdf\/global\/GlblWASHBrf_UPDATE_H.pdf\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">11 million cases<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0of typhoid fever, resulting in 117,000 deaths. Young children are particularly vulnerable to diarrheal diseases.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">Cholera, typhoid, and dysentery are caused by food or water contaminated with faecal matter. Outbreaks of the diseases are often associated with natural disasters such as floods or droughts. During floods, for example, sanitation systems can overflow and contaminate water sources.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-CA\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">Cholera and typhoid are preventable with vaccines, but p<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">roper sanitation also has a critical role to play in wiping out these diseases.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"qy-o-question-6\" class=\"qy-o-question\" data-question-number=\"6\"><h2 class=\"qy-o-question-title\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222\">(6) Sanitary toilets must be made of porcelain and flushed with water. True or false?<\/h2><figure class=\"qy-o-quiz-image qy-o-question-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-toilet-scaled.jpg\" class=\"question-thumbnail\" alt=\"toilet\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-toilet-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-toilet-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-toilet-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-toilet-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-toilet-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-toilet-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure><ol class=\"qy-o-answers-list\"><li class=\"qy-o-answer\" data-answer-number=\"1\" data-w=\"0\"><a class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-answer-btn qy-o-answer-imageless\"><p class=\"qy-o-answer-caption\">True<\/p><\/a><\/li><li class=\"qy-o-answer\" data-answer-number=\"2\" data-w=\"1\"><a class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-answer-btn qy-o-answer-imageless\"><p class=\"qy-o-answer-caption\">False<\/p><\/a><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"qy-o-question-explanation\"><div class=\"qy-o-question-explanation-inside\"><h3 class=\"qy-o-explanation-title\"><\/h3><p class=\"qy-o-correct-answer\"><\/p><p class=\"qy-o-explanation-text\"><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">There are many types of sanitary toilets, including squat toilets commonly used throughout Asia and Africa, composting toilets, and Western-style toilets. In addition to porcelain, they can be made of plastic, wood, or bricks.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">The water-flushed toilet was invented in 1596, but it took a while to catch on. Still today there are\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"http:\/\/www.localhistories.org\/toilets.html\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">many functional types<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\"> that operate without water. With so-called dry sanitation units or\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/science.howstuffworks.com\/environmental\/green-tech\/sustainable\/waterless-toilet1.htm\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">waterless toilets<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">, waste can be used as fertilizer afterwards. Waterless toilets are particularly useful in developing countries as they can provide sanitation with very little infrastructure.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">Communal toilets are also an option in some communities. They can be simple pit latrines with several compartments over one pit, or pour-flush toilets that require users to pour water to wash waste away.<\/span><\/p><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"qy-o-question-7\" class=\"qy-o-question\" data-question-number=\"7\"><h2 class=\"qy-o-question-title\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222\">(7) Communal toilets are enough to ensure adequate sanitation. True or false?<\/h2><figure class=\"qy-o-quiz-image qy-o-question-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1706\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-2-scaled.jpeg\" class=\"question-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-2-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-2-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-2-1024x682.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-2-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-2-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-2-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure><ol class=\"qy-o-answers-list\"><li class=\"qy-o-answer\" data-answer-number=\"1\" data-w=\"0\"><a class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-answer-btn qy-o-answer-imageless\"><p class=\"qy-o-answer-caption\">True<\/p><\/a><\/li><li class=\"qy-o-answer\" data-answer-number=\"2\" data-w=\"1\"><a class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-answer-btn qy-o-answer-imageless\"><p class=\"qy-o-answer-caption\">False<\/p><\/a><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"qy-o-question-explanation\"><div class=\"qy-o-question-explanation-inside\"><h3 class=\"qy-o-explanation-title\"><\/h3><p class=\"qy-o-correct-answer\"><\/p><p class=\"qy-o-explanation-text\"><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">The mere presence of a communal public toilet in or near a community is not enough to end the practice of defecating outdoors. More than\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0093300\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">760 million people<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0worldwide used communal public toilets as of 2014, yet many others who could have accessed those facilities instead continued to defecate in the open.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">Communal toilets are often not properly maintained or cleaned, do not offer privacy, and lack disposal facilities for sanitary towels. They may be unsafe for women and children at night, or costly for users. They may be located too far from community members\u2019 homes. And open defecation is a tradition in certain communities, so some people may be reluctant to move away from it.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">Researchers have outlined recommendations to improve the quality and use of communal toilets. Toilet facilities should be\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/waterfund.go.ke\/sanitation\/Downloads\/8.%20Communal%20Public%20Toilets%20(WSUP).pdf\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">developed in consultation with communities<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">, so their specific needs can be met. Communal toilets should be conveniently located in an accessible place for all community members, ideally within\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/waterfund.go.ke\/sanitation\/Downloads\/8.%20Communal%20Public%20Toilets%20(WSUP).pdf\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">30 meters<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0of users\u2019 homes. Shared toilets should provide safe access after dark for women and children. The facilities should be financially supported by the public sector to ensure optimal operation and maintenance. With proper planning, communal toilets can help meet basic sanitation needs for many more millions of people around the world.<\/span><\/p><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"qy-o-question-8\" class=\"qy-o-question\" data-question-number=\"8\"><h2 class=\"qy-o-question-title\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222\">(8) Human waste is worthless. True or false?<\/h2><figure class=\"qy-o-quiz-image qy-o-question-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-pipe-scaled.jpg\" class=\"question-thumbnail\" alt=\"sewage tunnel\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-pipe-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-pipe-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-pipe-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-pipe-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-pipe-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-pipe-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure><ol class=\"qy-o-answers-list\"><li class=\"qy-o-answer\" data-answer-number=\"1\" data-w=\"0\"><a class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-answer-btn qy-o-answer-imageless\"><p class=\"qy-o-answer-caption\">True<\/p><\/a><\/li><li class=\"qy-o-answer\" data-answer-number=\"2\" data-w=\"1\"><a class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-answer-btn qy-o-answer-imageless\"><p class=\"qy-o-answer-caption\">False<\/p><\/a><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"qy-o-question-explanation\"><div class=\"qy-o-question-explanation-inside\"><h3 class=\"qy-o-explanation-title\"><\/h3><p class=\"qy-o-correct-answer\"><\/p><p class=\"qy-o-explanation-text\"><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">Proper handling of human waste is a challenge for all societies, but it is especially difficult in developing countries. One solution is to use human waste as a resource. If processed appropriately, solid human waste can be used to <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/a-history-of-human-waste-as-fertilizer\/\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">enrich soil<\/span><\/a> <span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">or to <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/inweh.unu.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Valuing-Human-Waste-an-as-Energy-Resource-Web.pdf\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">generate energy<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">, either as biogas or charcoal (more on this in No. 9 below).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0cm;margin-left: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">In one case in Kenya, the use of compost made from human waste improved soil health and nutrient retention and resulted in farm yield increases of <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.toiletboard.org\/media\/34-The_Circular_Sanitation_Economy.pdf\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">20\u2013100 per cent<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">Human urine is also rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium and <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ecosanres.org\/pdf_files\/ESR2010-1-PracticalGuidanceOnTheUseOfUrineInCropProduction.pdf\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">offers<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0potential value as a crop fertilizer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0cm;margin-left: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">Use of human waste in agriculture could reduce reliance on costly chemical fertilizers while helping communities mitigate poverty and address food insecurity.<\/span><\/p><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"qy-o-question-9\" class=\"qy-o-question\" data-question-number=\"9\"><h2 class=\"qy-o-question-title\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222\">(9) Sanitation services can be profitable business ventures. True or false?<\/h2><figure class=\"qy-o-quiz-image qy-o-question-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1702\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-truck-scaled.jpg\" class=\"question-thumbnail\" alt=\"sewage truck\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-truck-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-truck-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-truck-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-truck-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-truck-1536x1021.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-truck-2048x1362.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure><ol class=\"qy-o-answers-list\"><li class=\"qy-o-answer\" data-answer-number=\"1\" data-w=\"1\"><a class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-answer-btn qy-o-answer-imageless\"><p class=\"qy-o-answer-caption\">True<\/p><\/a><\/li><li class=\"qy-o-answer\" data-answer-number=\"2\" data-w=\"0\"><a class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-answer-btn qy-o-answer-imageless\"><p class=\"qy-o-answer-caption\">False<\/p><\/a><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"qy-o-question-explanation\"><div class=\"qy-o-question-explanation-inside\"><h3 class=\"qy-o-explanation-title\"><\/h3><p class=\"qy-o-correct-answer\"><\/p><p class=\"qy-o-explanation-text\"><p class=\"p\" style=\"margin: 8.3pt 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">The provision of sanitation products and services can create business opportunities and employment. Sanitation infrastructure often requires new technologies, which can drive innovation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p\" style=\"margin: 8.3pt 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">In Maputo, Mozambique, a community-based association successfully\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"NO-BOK\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lboro.ac.uk\/orgs\/well\/resources\/Publications\/Briefing%20Notes\/BN32%20SSIPs.htm\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">sold the services<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0of pit latrine building and septic tank desludging, which secured livelihoods for locals.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0cm;margin-left: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">In South Africa, human waste combined with food waste has been used to\u00a0<\/span><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.toiletboard.org\/media\/34-The_Circular_Sanitation_Economy.pdf\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">raise black soldier fly larvae<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0on an industrial scale to serve as\u00a0<\/span><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/318676597_The_black_soldier_fly_Hermetia_illucens_-_A_promising_source_for_sustainable_production_of_proteins_lipids_and_bioactive_substances\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">animal feed<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">. This is less resource-intensive than many other methods of producing animal feed as it does not require large amounts of land or water.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0cm;margin-left: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">A business in Kenya converts human waste into fuel briquettes, reducing the need for wood and slowing deforestation. Every tonne of briquettes used is estimated to <\/span><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.toiletboard.org\/media\/34-The_Circular_Sanitation_Economy.pdf\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">save 88 trees<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0and offset four tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions equivalent. Kenya\u2019s fuelwood and charcoal market is estimated to be worth as much as $1.4 billion, so there is huge potential for growth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0cm;margin-left: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">Biogas businesses can also be built around human waste.\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-CA\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">Biogas can be created by the breakdown of faecal matter by bacteria in the absence of oxygen. If biogas were generated from the waste of those practising open defecation, it would be\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-CA\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/inweh.unu.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Valuing-Human-Waste-an-as-Energy-Resource-Web.pdf\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">enough<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-CA\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0to provide electricity to almost 10 million local households annually, worth more than $200 million per year.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">A 2010 <\/span><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ecosan.at\/ssp\/issue-05-sanitation-as-a-business\/issue-05-sanitation-as-a-business\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">report<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0from the EcoSan Club, an association of people working in the sanitation field, makes the case that investment in\u00a0<\/span><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/news.grida.no\/from-poo-to-profits-how-the-private-sector-can-help-bring-sanitation-to-africa\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">sanitation-related business opportunities<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0could provide a sustainable path to better sanitation in many parts of the world.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"qy-o-question-10\" class=\"qy-o-question\" data-question-number=\"10\"><h2 class=\"qy-o-question-title\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222\">(10) If you have a functioning toilet, you have sanitation. True or false?<\/h2><figure class=\"qy-o-quiz-image qy-o-question-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1703\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-sand-scaled.jpg\" class=\"question-thumbnail\" alt=\"outdoor toilet\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-sand-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-sand-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-sand-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-sand-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-sand-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/iStock-sand-2048x1363.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure><ol class=\"qy-o-answers-list\"><li class=\"qy-o-answer\" data-answer-number=\"1\" data-w=\"0\"><a class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-answer-btn qy-o-answer-imageless\"><p class=\"qy-o-answer-caption\">True<\/p><\/a><\/li><li class=\"qy-o-answer\" data-answer-number=\"2\" data-w=\"1\"><a class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-answer-btn qy-o-answer-imageless\"><p class=\"qy-o-answer-caption\">False<\/p><\/a><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"qy-o-question-explanation\"><div class=\"qy-o-question-explanation-inside\"><h3 class=\"qy-o-explanation-title\"><\/h3><p class=\"qy-o-correct-answer\"><\/p><p class=\"qy-o-explanation-text\"><p style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">A functioning toilet is not enough on its own to ensure proper sanitation. If a flushing toilet works but discharges too close to homes or into a community water source, it poses health dangers and is not considered adequate sanitation\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a style=\"color: #954f72;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/274939\/9789241514705-eng.pdf?ua=1\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">by the World Health Organization<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">Toilets must be safe, private, and culturally acceptable so that women, children, and vulnerable people feel secure using them. They must be accessible for older people and others with mobility issues. They must be affordable so using them does not put a financial burden on people.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm;font-size: medium;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;color: #000000;text-align: left\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\">Ultimately, toilets must be used in order to be effective. Sanitation is a combination of infrastructure and behaviour. Sometimes people are reluctant to abandon established practices like defecating outdoors due to taboos around things like sharing with others. Successful sanitation projects address not just infrastructure but also the specific culture and needs of a community.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"qy-o-result-1\" class=\"qy-o-result\" data-score-from=\"9\" data-score-to=\"10\" data-result-number=\"1\"><p class=\"qy-o-score-wrapper\"><\/p><h2 class=\"qy-o-result-title\">You\u2019re a sanitation smarty! <\/h2><figure class=\"qy-o-quiz-image qy-o-result-image alignright\"><\/figure><div class=\"qy-o-result-description\"><div class=\"qy-o-result-description-text\">You\u2019ve got a good basic understanding of the issues. Share this quiz to help others become as informed as you are.<\/div><div class=\"qy-o-social-buttons-container\"><button class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-share-button qy-o-share-facebook\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/\"><span class=\"dashicons dashicons-facebook-alt\"><\/span>Share<\/button><button class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-share-button qy-o-share-twitter\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/\"><span class=\"dashicons dashicons-twitter\"><\/span><\/span>Tweet<\/button><button class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-share-button qy-o-share-link\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/\"><span class=\"dashicons dashicons-admin-links\"><\/span><span class=\"qy-o-share-link-text\">Copy Link<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"qy-o-result-2\" class=\"qy-o-result\" data-score-from=\"6\" data-score-to=\"8\" data-result-number=\"2\"><p class=\"qy-o-score-wrapper\"><\/p><h2 class=\"qy-o-result-title\">You have some sanitation savvy.<\/h2><figure class=\"qy-o-quiz-image qy-o-result-image alignright\"><\/figure><div class=\"qy-o-result-description\"><div class=\"qy-o-result-description-text\">You got many of the answers right, but not all. Encourage your friends to take the quiz and find out if they\u2019re as savvy as you are. <\/div><div class=\"qy-o-social-buttons-container\"><button class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-share-button qy-o-share-facebook\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/\"><span class=\"dashicons dashicons-facebook-alt\"><\/span>Share<\/button><button class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-share-button qy-o-share-twitter\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/\"><span class=\"dashicons dashicons-twitter\"><\/span><\/span>Tweet<\/button><button class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-share-button qy-o-share-link\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/\"><span class=\"dashicons dashicons-admin-links\"><\/span><span class=\"qy-o-share-link-text\">Copy Link<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"qy-o-result-3\" class=\"qy-o-result\" data-score-from=\"3\" data-score-to=\"5\" data-result-number=\"3\"><p class=\"qy-o-score-wrapper\"><\/p><h2 class=\"qy-o-result-title\">Let&#039;s say you\u2019ve got room to improve. <\/h2><figure class=\"qy-o-quiz-image qy-o-result-image alignright\"><\/figure><div class=\"qy-o-result-description\"><div class=\"qy-o-result-description-text\">You got some answers right, but there is a lot left to learn. Help spread the word about the importance of sanitation by sharing this quiz. <\/div><div class=\"qy-o-social-buttons-container\"><button class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-share-button qy-o-share-facebook\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/\"><span class=\"dashicons dashicons-facebook-alt\"><\/span>Share<\/button><button class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-share-button qy-o-share-twitter\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/\"><span class=\"dashicons dashicons-twitter\"><\/span><\/span>Tweet<\/button><button class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-share-button qy-o-share-link\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/\"><span class=\"dashicons dashicons-admin-links\"><\/span><span class=\"qy-o-share-link-text\">Copy Link<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"qy-o-result-4\" class=\"qy-o-result\" data-score-from=\"0\" data-score-to=\"2\" data-result-number=\"4\"><p class=\"qy-o-score-wrapper\"><\/p><h2 class=\"qy-o-result-title\">Sanitation is not your strong suit \u2026 yet! <\/h2><figure class=\"qy-o-quiz-image qy-o-result-image alignright\"><\/figure><div class=\"qy-o-result-description\"><div class=\"qy-o-result-description-text\">You probably learned a lot just by taking this quiz. Help others do the same by sharing this page. <\/div><div class=\"qy-o-social-buttons-container\"><button class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-share-button qy-o-share-facebook\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/\"><span class=\"dashicons dashicons-facebook-alt\"><\/span>Share<\/button><button class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-share-button qy-o-share-twitter\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/\"><span class=\"dashicons dashicons-twitter\"><\/span><\/span>Tweet<\/button><button class=\"qy-o-btn qy-o-share-button qy-o-share-link\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/\"><span class=\"dashicons dashicons-admin-links\"><\/span><span class=\"qy-o-share-link-text\">Copy Link<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c3900c9 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone\" data-id=\"c3900c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a287b45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a287b45\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9274244 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone\" data-id=\"9274244\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-02b062e\" data-id=\"02b062e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af45e95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"af45e95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"font-weight: 500;\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"title\" data-pen-placeholder=\"Type Here...\">Get up to speed on sanitation!<\/h4><p>Watch a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.grida.no\/resources\/9685\">short cartoon video on sanitation and wastewater<\/a>.<\/p><p>See a <a href=\"https:\/\/grid-arendal.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/Cascade\/index.html?appid=caf411c40c3442b782406de631bddb2f\">multimedia online story about sanitation in Africa<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p><p>Read\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/news.grida.no\/categories\/sanitation-and-wastewater\">more stories about sanitation and wastewater<\/a>.<\/p><p>Dig into <a href=\"https:\/\/www.grida.no\/publications\/352\">policy briefs on African wastewater management and sanitation provision<\/a>.<\/p><p>Check out <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/water-and-sanitation\/\">UN Sustainable Development Goal 6: Ensure access to water and sanitation for all<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f9dfa72 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone\" data-id=\"f9dfa72\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-530ed17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"530ed17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This website is part of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.grida.no\/activities\/38\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wastewater Management and Sanitation Provision in Africa Project<\/a>, a partnership between the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.afdb.org\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">African Development Bank\u00a0<\/a>(AfDB), the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UN Environment Programme<\/a>, and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.grida.no\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GRID-Arendal<\/a>. The project is supported by the AfDB through its\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.afdb.org\/en\/topics-and-sectors\/initiatives-partnerships\/rural-water-supply-sanitation-initiative\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Initiative<\/a>\u00a0(funded by the Governments of Burkina Faso, Canada, Denmark, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Switzerland), and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.afdb.org\/en\/topics-and-sectors\/initiatives-partnerships\/multidonor-water-partnership-program\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Multi-Donor Water Partnership Programme<\/a>\u00a0(funded by the Governments of Canada and Denmark). The project is also funded by the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.regjeringen.no\/en\/dep\/ud\/id833\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Government of Norway<\/a>\u00a0and UNEP, and technically supported by GRID-Arendal.<\/p><p>Photo credits: 1) iStock.com\/Hydromet; 2) iStock.com\/borgogniels; 3) iStock.com\/Maurian Soares Salvador; 4) iStock.com\/amaritz; 5) iStock.com\/Dr_Microbe; 6) iStock.com\/htomas; 7) GRID-Arendal\/Rob Barnes; 8) iStock.com\/Vladimir Zapletin; 9) iStock.com\/SergeyVButorin; 10) iStock.com\/brazzo<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bf4374f elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bf4374f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-628815b\" data-id=\"628815b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-858cfb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"858cfb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sanitation Myths &#038; Truths What is sanitation? In short, the ability to safely dispose of human waste and maintain hygienic conditions through proper wastewater treatment and waste management. That may seem straightforward, but there\u2019s more to it than you might think. Take this quiz to test your knowledge. Get up to speed on sanitation! Watch [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":929,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-874","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/874","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=874"}],"version-history":[{"count":102,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/874\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1026,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/874\/revisions\/1026"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/929"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanitation.no\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=874"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}